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Emergency fund calculator
An emergency fund is the cash you keep aside for the things that go wrong: a lost job, a broken boiler, a car that fails its test, a sudden trip home. It is the difference between a setback and a crisis that ends up on a credit card. This tool sizes the fund for your own life. Enter your essential monthly spending, choose how many months of cover you want, say how much you have saved already and how much you can put away each month, and it returns your target, the gap left to close, and how long it will take at your current pace. Because it is built on essential spending rather than your whole budget, the target stays realistic.
An emergency fund covers essential spending only, not your whole budget, so size it on rent or mortgage, food, utilities and transport. Keep it in instant-access savings, separate from your current account. Three months is a floor; six is the common target, and more suits variable or single incomes.
How it works
- Enter your essential spending for one month: rent or mortgage, food, utilities, transport and minimum debt payments.
- Choose how many months of cover you want. Three is a floor, six is the common target, and nine to twelve suits variable or single incomes.
- Add what you have saved so far and what you can set aside each month.
- The tool multiplies essential spending by the months of cover for your target, subtracts what you have, and divides the gap by your monthly saving to estimate the time to reach it.
target = essential monthly spending x months of cover; months to save = gap / monthly saving (rounded up)
The target is the plain part: take the spending you could not pause in a bad month and multiply it by the number of months you want to cover. The gap is that target minus whatever you have already set aside. To estimate the time, divide the gap by what you can save each month and round up to whole months, since the fund is only complete once the last contribution lands. Using essential spending, not your full budget, keeps the target reachable, because in a real emergency you would cut the optional spending anyway.
- essential spending
- monthly cost of the bills you cannot skip
- months of cover
- how many months the fund should last
- gap
- target minus what you have already saved
- monthly saving
- what you set aside each month
How much cover suits whom
| Stable two-income household | 3 months | a reasonable floor |
| Most households | 6 months | the standard target |
| Single income or dependants | 6 to 9 months | less of a buffer elsewhere |
| Self-employed or variable pay | 9 to 12 months | income can swing month to month |
Worked example
Essential spending of 2,000 a month, a six-month target, nothing saved yet, putting away 300 a month: the target is 12,000. With nothing saved, the full 12,000 is still to go, and at 300 a month it takes 40 months, a little over three years. Raising the monthly amount to 500 cuts that to 24 months.
Key facts
- An emergency fund is sized on essential spending, not your whole budget, because optional spending stops in a crisis.
- The point of the fund is to avoid borrowing at high interest when something unexpected happens.
- It belongs in instant-access savings, not in investments that can fall in value just when you need them.
- Once it is built, the money you were saving into it can be redirected to other goals.
Tips
- Keep the fund in a separate, named savings account so you are not tempted to dip into it for non-emergencies.
- Start with a small first goal, such as one month of cover, to build momentum before aiming for six.
- Top the fund back up as a priority after any time you have to use it.
- Choose an account with instant or near-instant access; a few days notice is fine, a long lock-in is not.
Frequently asked questions
How many months of expenses should I save?+
Three months is a common floor and six is the usual target. If you have a single income, dependants or variable pay, lean toward nine to twelve months for more breathing room.
Should the fund cover all my spending or just essentials?+
Just essentials: housing, food, utilities, transport and minimum debt payments. In a real emergency you would cut back on optional spending, so sizing the fund on essentials keeps the target realistic.
Where should I keep my emergency fund?+
In an instant-access or easy-access savings account, kept separate from your everyday account. The priority is reaching the money quickly and without it having fallen in value.
Emergency fund or pay off debt first?+
Build a small starter buffer of around one month, then focus on clearing high-interest debt, then finish the full fund. The interest on debt usually outpaces what savings earn, so the order matters.
What counts as a real emergency?+
Something urgent, necessary and unexpected: a job loss, an essential repair, a medical or family emergency. A holiday or a sale is neither unexpected nor urgent, so plan for those separately.
Things to watch
- Do not hold an emergency fund in shares or other volatile investments; a market dip can hit exactly when you need the cash.
- Clearing very high-interest debt may come before a full fund, though keeping at least a small buffer is still wise.
- Inflation slowly erodes idle cash, so once you are well past your target, extra money may work harder elsewhere.
Last updated: 2026
This is an estimate for general guidance, not financial, tax, legal or medical advice. Figures can change and individual circumstances vary. Always confirm with the official sources listed before making decisions.
Reviewed by Vikas Dulgunde.